Relativism, Absolutism, and Pluralism |
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What’s right depends on the culture you are in. |
| 2. |
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No one has the right to judge what’s right or wrong for another person. |
| 3. |
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No one has the right to intervene when they think someone else has done something morally wrong. |
| 4. |
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It’s hopeless to try to arrive at a final answer to ethical questions. |
| 5. |
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Ultimately, there is one and only one right standard of moral evaluation. |
Religion and
Ethics |
| 6. |
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What is right depends on what God says is right. |
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There is only one true religion. |
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What my religion says (in the Bible, the Qur'an, or whatever its sacred text is) is literally true. |
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All major religions have something important to tell us about what is right and what is wrong. |
| 10. |
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We do not need to depend on religion in order to have a solid foundation for our moral values. |
Psychological and
Ethical Egoism |
| 11. |
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Everyone is just out for himself or herself. |
| 12. |
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Some people think that they are genuinely concerned about the welfare of others, but they a just deceiving themselves. |
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People are not really free. They are just products of their environment, upbringing, and other factors. |
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Everyone should watch out just for themselves. |
Utilitarianism |
| 15. |
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I do not care what motivates other people; I judge them solely on the basis of what they do. |
| 16. |
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When I am trying to decide what the right thing to do is, I look at the consequences of the various alternatives open to me. |
| 17. |
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The right thing to do is whatever is best for everyone. |
| 18. |
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We should look at the overall consequences of our actions in each and every case. |
| 19. |
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If someone tries to do the right thing but it works out badly, they still deserve moral credit for trying. |
| 20. |
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Pleasure is the most important thing in life. |
| 21. |
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Happiness is the most important thing in life. |
Kant, Duty and
Respect |
| 22. |
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If someone tries to do the right thing but it works out badly, they still deserve moral credit for trying |
| 23. |
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It is important to do the right thing for the right reason. |
| 24. |
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Morality is primarily a matter of doing your duty. |
| 25. |
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What is fair for one is fair for all. |
| 26. |
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People should always be treated with respect. |
| 27. |
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We should never use other people merely as a means to our own goals. |
Rights
Theories |
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Morality is basically a matter of respecting people’s rights. |
| 29. |
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Some rights are absolute. |
| 30. |
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I have a right to do whatever I want as long as it does not impinge on other people’s rights. |
| 31. |
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People have a right to health care, even if they can’t afford to pay for it. |
| 32. |
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Animals have rights. |
| 33. |
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In personal relationships, rights usually are very important. |
Virtue
Ethics |
| 34. |
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Morality is mainly a matter of what kind of person you are. |
| 35. |
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Sometimes courage seems to go too far. |
| 36. |
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Compassion for the suffering of others is an important character trait. |
| 37. |
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It’s important to care about yourself. |
Gender and
Ethics |
| 38. |
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Men and women often view morality differently. |
| 39. |
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Emotions have no place in morality. |
| 40. |
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Morality is primarily a matter of following the rules. |
Race, Ethnicity, and
Ethics |
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Morality should reflect an individual’s ethnic and cultural background. |
| 42. |
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Moral disagreement is a good thing in society. |
| 43. |
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Compromise is bad. |
| 44. |
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Minorities have special rights by virtue of their status as minorities. |
Theories against Theories |
| 45. |
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We should always strive to do what is best, not just the moral minimum. |
| 46. |
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Morality applies to your friends in just the same way as it applies to strangers. |